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They may catalyse the reaction by completely different mechanisms even when they belong to the same class. The applications are: 1. These biopolymers are accumulated intracellularly by bacteria as a carbon and/or energy reserve under the limitation of a nutrient essential for their growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, or oxygen (Philip et al., 2007). Cell Fact. For example, approximately 30% of commercially available recombinant proteins are currently produced in prokaryotic systems (Overton, 2014). We welcome studies that apply recent advances in genetics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and computational biology to provide insights into all aspects of . Therefore, we have seen a contemporary improvement in Classical Microbiology through the discovery of new species, selection and improvement of known strains until the introduction of non-native genes for the acquisition of expressed products or new functional traits. 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Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics allow researchers to study genes and gene expression from a collection of multiple species, many of which may not be easily cultured or cultured at all in the laboratory. Adham, N. Z. This page titled 12: Modern Applications of Microbial Genetics is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Microbiol. doi: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.007, Kampmann, M., Boll, S., Kossuch, J., Bielecki, J., Uhl, S., Kleiner, B., et al. Catal. 63, 593601. Biotechnol. (2016). Microbial genomics: A new tool to increase food quality and safety. Polym. Wolbachia infection reduces blood-feeding success in the dengue fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Explain how microorganisms can be engineered to produce vaccines. Acad. Many of the molecular tools discovered in recent decades have been produced using prokaryotic microbes. (A) Attenuated or live vaccines, which use attenuated pathogens. These antibodies can also be obtained directly from memory B cells of viral-infected patients or even from mouse lymphocyte cells (Marasco and Sui, 2007). doi: 10.1080/10643389.2015.1061884, Zhang, X., Tervo, C. J., and Reed, J. L. (2016). Comparative evaluation of three different intramuscular delivery methods for DNA immunization in a nonhuman primate animal model. Despite this poor reactogenicity, subunit vaccines have been developed against a variety of pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, hepatitis B virus, and HPV. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that antibiotic-resistant bacteria infect more than two million people annually (Nizet, 2015).